环保设施现状评价模式的研究

对环保设施运行现状定量评价模式进行探讨。模式从环保设施的整体、细节、管理和环境影响4个方面分析,采用调查、公式计算、插值、专家评分等方式,对环保设施运行的现状进行评分,建立了一个以计权方式定量评分来评价废气、废水处理设施现状的评价模式。     

Risk to humans of consuming metals in anchovy (<Emphasis Type="Italic">Coilia</Emphasis> sp.) from the Yangtze River Delta

Concentrations of metals were determined in four species of anchovy (Coilia sp.) from the Yangtze River, Taihu Lake, and Hongze Lake in Jiangsu Province, China. Concentrations of Cr in anchovy fish muscle ranged from 2.6 × 10⁻² to 5.0 mg/kg ww, and Coilia nasus taihuensis in Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake contained the highest concentrations of Cr, which was almost 111-fold higher than the mean value at other locations. Concentrations of Pb ranged from 1.5 × 10⁻² to 1.3 × 10⁻¹ mg/kg ww. Comparisons of concentrations of lead (Pb) among the four species indicated that anadromous species contained higher concentrations of Pb than did freshwater species. However, concentrations of Pb in C. nasus from the Nanjing and Haimen locations in the Yangtze River were not significant higher than those of two freshwater species: C. nasus taihuensis from Taihu Lake and C. brachygnathus from Hongze Lake (Duncan’s test, α = 0.05). While concentrations of Cd and Zn ranged from 7.0 × 10⁻⁴ to 3.6 × 10⁻³ mg/kg ww and 3.4 to 4.8 mg/kg ww, respectively, there were no significant differences in concentrations among the eight locations. The only concentration of the metals studied that exceeded the Chinese National Standard was Cr in Coilia from Jiaoshan, Taihu Lake, which was 2.5-fold higher than the standard. These results indicate that people who consume the genus Coilia are not at risk due to concentrations of metals, except Cr in C. nasus taihuensis from Jiaoshan in Taihu Lake. Concentrations of all of the metals studied except for Cr were similar to or less than those of metals in most other areas in the world.     

纳滤膜处理含锰废水

采用纳滤膜处理电解锰生产过程中产生的含锰废水,考察了操作压力、阻垢剂和反冲洗等因素对膜通量和各金属离子截留率的影响。实验结果表明:操作压力越大,膜通量越大,且膜通量随运行时间延长下降得越快;在操作压力为2.0 MPa的条件下,纳滤膜对Mg2+的截留率为90.69%,对Mn2+的截留率为89.72%,对Ca2+的截留率最高,达100%;加入阻垢剂后,纳滤膜的膜通量比未加入阻垢剂时的膜通量略大;反冲洗4次后,膜通量均可完全恢复。     

聚丙烯酰胺对紫色土中磷素吸附特征的影响

通过等温吸附实验分别研究了特定磷质量浓度下系列PAM用量和系列磷质量浓度下特定PAM用量对磷素在土壤中吸附特征的影响.试验表明,土壤经过PAM处理后其对磷素的吸附性能发生了明显改变.施用PAM使紫色土磷的吸附量降低,PAM用量较低时,吸附量随PAM用量的增加而减少,并且在0.1%～0.5%PAM内两者之间达到极显著负相关.紫色土磷最大吸附量为277.8 靏穏-1 ,0.1%、0.2%、0.4%PAM处理后紫色土对磷的最大吸附量均降低,分别为263.28 靏穏-1、227.38 靏穏-1、212.88 靏穏-1,但吸附强度却没减弱,甚至得到加强.PAM通过改变土壤集结状态和表面性质对土壤磷慢速吸附阶段产生了显著影响,但对快吸附阶段无明显影响.     

Soil biological characteristic,nutrient contents and stoichiometry as affected by different types of remediation in a smelter-impacted soil

ABSTRACT

In order to evaluate the ecological risk reductions of copper (Cu) and cadmium (Cd) and the change of nutrient contents and stoichiometry in a smelter-impacted farmland in Guixi, Jiangxi Province, China, with ～ 800?mg Cu kg^?1 soil and 0.8?mg Cd kg^?1 soil, an three years in situ experiment was conducted. The field trial consisted of 4 ×?5?m plots in a completely randomised block design. Hydroxyapatite was added at 10?g kg^?1 soil and Sedum plumbizincicola, Elsholtzia splendens, and Pennisetum sp. were planted. Post-treatment soil and plant samples were collected annually and analysed for Cu and Cd bioaccessibility, soil carbon: nitrogen: phosphorus (C:N:P), and the stoichiometries of soil β-glucosidase (BG), N-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG), and acid phosphatase (AP) activity levels. The results indicated that the hydroxyapatite treatments significantly reduced Cu and Cd bioaccessibility as well as the ratio of C:P and N:P. Moreover, BG, NAG, and AP activity levels all increased relative to those in untreated soil. Plants may also influence soil BG, NAG, and AP activity. This study demonstrated that in situ Cu and Cd stabilisation by hydroxyapatite and phytoextraction is ecologically safe and can alter soil mineral nutrient ecological stoichiometry and enzyme activity.     

Performance of Streptomyces pactum–assisted phytoextraction of Cd and Pb: in view of soil properties,element bioavailability,and phytoextraction indices

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Microbe-assisted phytoremediation provides an eco-friendly and cost-effective approach to reclaim Cd- and Pb-contaminated soils. In this work,...     

长江流域鄂西四河流大型底栖动物群落结构特征及水质生物学评价

鄂西水系是国家级水源保护区，也是湖北省重要的生态旅游区。为了解鄂西水生态健康状况，于2014年10月~2017年1月不同时段在宜昌国家可持续发展实验示范区卷桥河（J）、清江利川段（Q）、宜昌市水源地黄柏河（H）和丹江口入库河流天河郧西段（T）开展了底栖动物群落特征研究。研究表明：4个河段共采集到大型底栖动物5门8纲18目61科。基于底栖动物指示种耐污性及其丰度占比分析，表明J、Q和T三河流污染程度沿水流方向呈加重趋势，而H水体健康状况整体较好。运用FBI和SIGNAL底栖生物评价指数，显示四条河流健康程度沿水流方向均呈下降趋势，但H变化趋势平缓，结果表明H水体上下游均处于较健康状态，其他3条河流上游或源头水体健康状况良好，下游受到较重污染。对主要环境因子（TP、NH₃-N、COD_Mn和TN）做主成分分析表明，轴1的解释率达到65.1%，表明轴1可以有效表征主要环境压力梯度。FBI和SIGNAL指数与轴1线性拟合度均较高，表明二者在鄂西河流水生态健康评估中可作为快速生物评价指数。     

Does underweight amplify the relationship between short-term particulate matter exposure and blood pressure in children and adolescents: a large cross-sectional study in a metropolis of China

Environmental Science and Pollution Research - Overweight/obesity modified the effects of ambient particulate matter (PM) exposure on blood pressure (BP). This study aims to assess whether...     

Identifying influencing factors on paved roads silt loading

The factors that influence the increase or decrease of silt loadings on paved roadways have not been fully quantitatively investigated. They were identified in this study based on the quarterly silt loading sampling data collected from 20 sites by the Clark County Department of Air Quality and Environmental Management in Southern Nevada for the period from 2000 to 2003. The silt loading and associated data collected over these years at one sampling site may inherently possess site-specific characteristics that can be better incorporated by using panel data models. The factors that are identified as significant are the presence of curbs and gutters, shoulder type, pavement conditions, and the presence of construction activities in the vicinity of roadways. The presence of curbs and gutters, stabilized shoulders, and good pavement conditions would result in decreased silt loadings. Conversely, the presence of construction activities within the immediate vicinity of sampled areas would result in increases of silt loadings on the roadway surfaces. Based on the analysis of the results, it was recommended that constructing curbs, gutters and stabilized shoulders, preventing or reducing construction track-out from construction activity, and improving pavement conditions be the preferred control measures to reduce silt loading on paved roadways.     

高度分散TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫及与悬浮TiO2催化活性的比较

采用输出功率为50 W,频率为40 kHz的超声波作为激发源激发TiO2,比较了分散和悬浮2种不同形态TiO2存在时超声降解乙基紫的情况.结果表明,在高度分散TiO2存在的条件下,超声降解乙基紫的效果要远远好于悬浮TiO2,超声照射40 min降解率达到78.45%,而在悬浮TiO2存在下降解率只有27.12%,在单纯超声波作用下同样时间内降解率只有10%.另外还研究了不同因素包括:反应时间、初始浓度、催化剂加入量、超声功率和温度等对TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫反应的影响,讨论了TiO2催化超声降解乙基紫可能的反应机理.